学习英语

由于参与人不多，新内容发到这里了。

直到有多个作者参与的时候，再回到这里。

对了 南方公园里那个 唱’uncle f..ker’ 是常用语还是有特别意思？

俗语 正好和中文的操你大爷对应：）

不过一般人不这么说 都是mother f..ker 但说uncle f..ker大家都懂而且很有意思 电视里老说 常用的骂人没意思了

大家说说我理解得对么？

lvcha sez:

这有什么有劲没劲的。 比单词有劲多了。辛苦2周就ok。 而且富于逻辑性。马克思的很多观点是很有道理的。

马克思的哲学观点有道理 但硬要用现实的国情去解释就牵强了

当年GRE单词才痛苦呢。傻背。 英语是傻人的语言，缺乏基本逻辑性。

英语缺乏逻辑是和它的历史有关 英语在历史上吸收了太多其他语言流派的单词规则 从最初6000个单词的古代德语 到拉丁 到希腊文 到scandivia国家语言 到法语 所以同一个事物和状态有太多的说法 构词法也不一样 就是这样 ；）

lvcha问：

对了。novel fiction 有啥区别？

用googole搜索what’s the differnce between novel and fiction

这里主要是说novel和book的区别 http://uk.answers.yahoo.com/question/index?qid=... http://answers.yahoo.com/question/index?qid=200...

我还不知道有novella这个词呢： http://uk.answers.yahoo.com/question/index?qid=...

想看小说没有reading list么，这个可能有帮助 I have located several lists of great books and novels: http://answers.google.com/answers/main?cmd=thre...

但我更推荐直接去Project Gutenberg找。 http://www.gutenberg.org/

现在继续回答问题。网上没有好答案。我们用wordnet来查查看。

fiction

The noun fiction has 2 senses (first 1 from tagged texts) 1. (14) fiction — (a literary work based on the imagination and not necessarily on fact) 2. fabrication, fiction, fable — (a deliberately false or improbable account)

novel

The noun novel has 2 senses (first 1 from tagged texts)

1. (17) novel — (an extended fictional work in prose; usually in the form of a story)
2. novel — (a printed and bound book that is an extended work of fiction; “his bookcases were filled with nothing but novels”; “he burned all the novels”)

The adj novel has 2 senses (first 1 from tagged texts)

1. (6) fresh, new, novel — (original and of a kind not seen before; “the computer produced a completely novel proof of a well-known theorem”)
2. novel, refreshing — (pleasantly new or different; “common sense of a most refreshing sort”)

看novel第2个sense。说是extended work of ficiton。基本可以理解为在长度上有区别的。这里的extended是专指长度么？那么根据yahoo answer中有人的答案，看来字数可以成为一个不严格的分界线。6000字？还是应该多少字呢？

还有，

lvcha sez:

fiction是小说，包括各种杂七杂八的yellow，violence。。monster。。？ novel是长篇小说或者严肃点算是文学的小说？

novel也可以杂七杂八 感觉这两个基本通用 但 和ficiton对应的有non-ficiton 所以分类图书时候对应是小说类和非小说类 而novel没有这个用法，不能用non-novel 呵呵，这个解释不错 我加上

大家怎么看？

Overall, I hope that XEmacs, GNU Emacs and their various distributors work out the kinks so that such a simple matter as cut and paste is not a matter of medieval alchemical incantations. Until then, I hope my notes are of help to someone else. http://www.oreillynet.com/lpt/wlg/6162

想不出如何翻译和选那个意思。应该是5，翻译成瑕疵？ define: kink

The noun kink has 5 senses (no senses from tagged texts)

1. crick, kink, rick, wrick — (a painful muscle spasm especially in the neck or back (rick' andwrick’ are British))
2. kink, twist, twirl — (a sharp bend in a line produced when a line having a loop is pulled tight)
3. kink — (a person with unusual sexual tastes)
4. kink — (an eccentric idea)
5. kink — (a difficulty or flaw in a plan or operation; “there are still a few kinks to iron out”)

The verb kink has 2 senses (no senses from tagged texts)

1. crimp, crape, frizzle, frizz, kink up, kink — (curl tightly; “crimp hair”)
2. curl, curve, kink — (form a curl, curve, or kink; “the cigar smoke curled up at the ceiling”)

当然这些可参考得很多，随便去大些商业网站都有。我给的这个例子是是因为他它是大学，教育机构的rules of use，供以后自己参考。

Athena Rules of Use (including MITnet) http://web.mit.edu/olh/Rules/#mitnet

http://blogs.mit.edu/

Edward Tufte: Power Corrupts. PowerPoint Corrupts Absolutely.

… why Edward Tufte hates it: PowerPoint Is Evil. According to him: Power Corrupts. PowerPoint Corrupts Absolutely. http://blogs.mit.edu/CS/blogs/anjalisastrystude...

Love this quote!

more reference: http://www.edwardtufte.com/bboard/q-and-a-fetch...

China Talk Radio http://thechinabusinessnetwork.com/China-Talk-R...

我没兴趣听。存一下。也许有人喜欢。

The deterioration of translation quality is related to the dire situation of the industry for translated works.

Over the past twenty years, the salaries for most professions have increased by twenty fold. But the salary for translators has only doubled. In the early 1980’s, the basic fee for translation was 30 yuan per 1,000 words. At the moment, the basic fee for translation is only 60 yuan per 1,000 words.

http://www.zonaeuropa.com/20071124_1.htm

这样看来，与其挣翻译费。不如免费翻译或者通过翻译作为手段用其他方式挣钱。

The problem is that translation is also the kind of work that has a high requirement on the quality of the worker. A person who graduated from a university foreign language department (or even someone who has studied overseas) can become a simultaneous interpreter at a large conference, but this person may not be able to handle the job of translating a work of literature. Translation requires that a person must know the foreign language, have good Chinese-language skills as well as have a deep understanding and grasp of the culture and history of the foreign country. http://www.zonaeuropa.com/20071124_1.htm

true, very true.

最后总结：

This is the true crisis that the Chinese cultural industry must face up to. Over the past century, there were two popular waves of translation on mainland China. The first time was in the 1930’s. Through the efforts of translation masters such as Yan Fu, Liang Qichao, Lu Xun and others, works such as the social evolutionary theory of Herbert Spencer, of Karl Marx, the Cosmos of Wilhelm von Humboldt and the philosophy of Bertrand Russell were introduced to the troubled China. The second wave occurred in the 1980’s, when , and other famous works were no longer banned, and they gave a breath of freshness to the Chinese people coming out of the Great Proletarian Cultural Revolution into these formerly banned worlds. Today, the world economy is converging into one body even though regional cultural clashes are also becoming fiercer. But the situation with translation in China today may lead the Chinese to fall into a new and voluntary self-imposed blockade from the outside world.